Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation - About Pediatric AIDS

About Pediatric HIV and AIDS 

Answers to the most frequently asked questions about pediatric HIV and AIDS.

What is HIV?

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV can be transmitted during sexual intercourse, pregnancy (i.e., from mother to fetus), childbirth, breastfeeding, and other forms of exposure to bodily fluids that carry the virus. When the virus enters the body, it injects itself into vital immune cells called CD4 cells. In the absence of treatment, HIV continues to replicate itself within the body, eventually leading to severe immunodeficiency, chronic illness, and death.

What is AIDS?

AIDS represents an advanced stage of HIV infection. In most cases, a person living with HIV eventually develops AIDS. AIDS is characterized by severely diminished immune system function, where the body is highly vulnerable to infections and cancers that are typically fought off by a healthy immune system. As defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a person has AIDS when HIV has drastically reduced his or her CD4 cell count, or when a person living with HIV is diagnosed with at least one opportunistic infection (i.e., an infection that does not normally occur in someone with a healthy immune system).

via pedaids.org

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Children hospitalized longer when parents aren't fluent in English - FierceHealthcare

Children hospitalized for infections were more likely to spend more time in the hospital and were less likely to receive home healthcare referrals if their parents or main caregivers had difficulty speaking English, a new study reports in the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine.

In a nine-year study (between 2000 and 2008), nearly 1,300 children whose parents or caregivers were determined to have limited English proficiency were found to have spent at least 60 percent more time in the hospital when compared to children whose parents/caregivers spoke fluently, said study author Michael Levas, MD, and and his colleagues from Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics in Kansas City, Mo.

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Overall, most of the parents and caregivers observed by the researchers--nearly 97 percent--were proficient in English. The 3 percent who were not were more likely to be Latino and either uninsured or insured by Medicaid for both comparisons.

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Bullying sends kids to nurse for more than injury | Reuters

Both bullies and their victims take more trips to the nurse's office than other students - but not just for the obvious reasons.

In a new study published today in Pediatrics, kids involved in bullying were more likely to see the school nurse for illnesses and non-medical symptoms, in addition to injuries.

The finding means that school nurses could be the front line for spotting cases of bullying and bringing them to a stop.

Enlisting school nurses could be "another way of trying to keep a gauge of what's happening among the students in school," Eric Vernberg of the University of Kansas in Lawrence, the study's lead author, told Reuters Health.

"A lot of times, kids may experience some conflict, some bullying, and not involve the teacher or not tell a parent or not tell anybody really," he said, "particularly for a kid that's embarrassed about the difficulty they're having or afraid that saying things about it is going to make it worse in some way."

Recently, evidence has been piling up that being bullied can take a psychological toll on kids -- both during the bullying and later, when they are adults.

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