Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease principally affecting the skin and peripheral nervous system, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Although much improved in the last 25 years, knowledge of the pathogenesis, course, treatment, and prevention of the disease continues to evolve. The skin lesions and deformities were historically responsible for the stigma attached to the disease. However, even with proper multidrug therapy (MDT), the consequent sensory and motor damage results in the deformities and disabilities associated with leprosy. The earliest description of leprosy comes from India around 600 BCE. It was then described in the Far East around 400 BCE. In the fourth century, the disease was imported into Europe, where its incidence peaked in the 13th century. The disease has now nearly disappeared from Europe. Affected immigrants spread leprosy to North America.
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