Showing posts with label Music Therapy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Music Therapy. Show all posts

Sunday, November 14, 2010

Music Therapy, American Cancer Society

Music Therapy

Other common name(s): none

Scientific/medical name(s): none

Description

Music therapy is the use of music by health care professionals to promote healing and enhance quality of life for their patients. Music therapy may be used to encourage emotional expression, promote social interaction, relieve symptoms, and for other purposes. Music therapists may use active or passive methods with patients, depending on the individual patient’s needs and abilities.

Overview

There is some evidence that, when used with conventional treatment, music therapy can help to reduce pain and relieve chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. It may also relieve stress and provide an overall sense of well-being. Some studies have found that music therapy can lower heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate.

How is it promoted for use?

Music therapists work with a variety of physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms. Music therapy is often used in cancer treatment to help reduce pain, anxiety, and nausea caused by chemotherapy. Some people believe music therapy may be a beneficial addition to the health care of children with cancer by promoting social interaction and cooperation.

There is evidence that music therapy can reduce high blood pressure, rapid heart beat, depression, and sleeplessness. There are no claims music therapy can cure cancer or other diseases, but medical experts do believe it can reduce some symptoms, aid healing, improve physical movement, and enrich a patient’s quality of life.

What does it involve?

Music therapists design music sessions for individuals and groups based on their needs and tastes. Some aspects of music therapy include making music, listening to music, writing songs, and talking about lyrics. Music therapy may also involve imagery and learning through music. It can be done in different places such as hospitals, cancer centers, hospices, at home, or anywhere people can benefit from its calming or stimulating effects. The patient does not need to have any musical ability to benefit from music therapy.

A related practice called music thanatology is sometimes used at the end of a patient’s life to ease the person’s passing. It is practiced in homes, hospices, or nursing homes.

What is the history behind it?

Music has been used in medicine for thousands of years. Ancient Greek philosophers believed that music could heal both the body and the soul. Native Americans have used singing and chanting as part of their healing rituals for millennia. The more formal approach to music therapy began in World War II, when U.S. Veterans Administration hospitals began to use music to help treat soldiers suffering from shell shock. In 1944, Michigan State University established the first music therapy degree program in the world.

Today, more than seventy colleges and universities have degree programs that are approved by the American Music Therapy Association. Music therapists must have at least a bachelor’s degree, 1,200 hours of clinical training, and one or more internships before they can be certified. There are thousands of professional music therapists working in health care settings in the United States today. They serve as part of cancer-management teams in many hospitals and cancer centers, helping to plan and evaluate treatment. Some music therapy services are covered by health insurance.

What is the evidence?

Scientific studies have shown the value of music therapy on the body, mind, and spirit of children and adults. Researchers have found that music therapy, when used with anti-nausea drugs for patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy, can help ease nausea and vomiting. A number of clinical trials have shown the benefit of music therapy for short-term pain, including pain from cancer. Some studies have suggested that music may help decrease the overall intensity of the patient’s experience of pain when used with pain-relieving drugs. Music therapy can also result in a decreased need for pain medicine in some patients, although studies on this topic have shown mixed results.

In hospice patients, one study found that music therapy improved comfort, relaxation, and pain control. Another study found that quality of life improved in cancer patients who received music therapy, even as it declined in those who did not. No differences were seen in survival between the 2 groups.

A more recent clinical trial looked at the effects of music during the course of several weeks of radiation treatments. The researchers found that while emotional distress (such as anxiety) seemed to be helped at the beginning of treatment, the patients reported that this effect gradually decreased. Music did not appear to help such symptoms as pain, fatigue, and depression over the long term.

Other clinical trials have revealed a reduction in heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, insomnia, depression, and anxiety with music therapy. No one knows all the ways music can benefit the body, but studies have shown that music can affect brain waves, brain circulation, and stress hormones. These effects are usually seen during and shortly after the music therapy.

Studies have shown that students who take music lessons have improved IQ levels, and show improvement in nonmusical abilities as well. Other studies have shown that listening to music composed by Mozart produces a short-term improvement in tasks that use spatial abilities. Studies of brain circulation have shown that people listening to Mozart have more activity in certain areas of the brain. This has been called the “Mozart effect.” Although the reasons for this effect are not completely clear, this kind of information supports the idea that music can be used in many helpful ways.

Some clinical trials that involve listening to music have shown no benefit on anxiety during surgical procedures, although one study that allowed patients to choose their own music showed improved anxiety levels. One recent review of studies looked at the effect of music on all types of pain and found a wide variation in its effects. The study authors observed that the best effects were on short-term pain after surgery. It is important to note that not all studies of music use music therapists, who assess the patient’s needs, circumstances, and preferences, as well as the different effects of certain types of music. This may account for some differences in clinical trial results.

Are there any possible problems or complications?

In general, music therapy done under the care of a professionally trained therapist has a helpful effect and is considered safe when used with standard treatment. Musical intervention by untrained people can be ineffective or can even cause increased stress and discomfort. Relying on this type of treatment alone and avoiding or delaying conventional medical care for cancer may have serious health consequences.

Additional resources

More information from your American Cancer Society

The following information on complementary and alternative therapies may also be helpful to you. These materials may be found on our Web site (www.cancer.org) or ordered from our toll-free number (1-800-ACS-2345).

Guidelines for Using Complementary and Alternative Therapies

Dietary Supplements: How to Know What Is Safe

The ACS Operational Statement on Complementary and Alternative Methods of Cancer Management

Complementary and Alternative Methods for Cancer Management

Placebo Effect

Learning About New Ways to Treat Cancer

Learning About New Ways to Prevent Cancer

References

Bodner M, Muftuler LT, Nalcioglu O, Shaw GL. FMRI study relevant to the Mozart effect: brain areas involved in spatial-temporal reasoning. Neurol Res. 2001;23:683-690.

Cepeda MS, Carr DB, Lau J, Alvarez H. Music for pain relief. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;(2):CD004843.

Clark M, Isaacks-Downton G, Wells N, et al. Use of preferred music to reduce emotional distress and symptom activity during radiation therapy. J Music Ther. 2006;43:247-265.

Ezzone S, Baker C, Rosselet R, Terepka E. Music as an adjunct to antiemetic therapy. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1998;25:1551-1556.

Hilliard RE. The effects of music therapy on the quality and length of life of people diagnosed with terminal cancer. J Music Ther. 2003;40:113-137.

Jausovec N, Habe K. The “Mozart effect”: an electroencephalographic analysis employing the methods of induced event-related desynchronization/synchronization and event-related coherence. Brain Topogr. 2003;16:73-84.

Krout RE. The effects of single-session music therapy interventions on the observed and self-reported levels of pain control, physical comfort, and relaxation of hospice patients. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2001;18:383-390.

Lane D. Music therapy: a gift beyond measure. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1992;19:863-867.

Lane D. Music therapy: gaining an edge in oncology management. J Oncol Manag. 1993;2:42-46.

Pelletier CL. The effect of music on decreasing arousal due to stress: a meta-analysis. J Music Ther. 2004;41:192-214.

Phumdoung S, Good M. Music reduces sensation and distress of labor pain. Pain Manag Nurs. 2003;4:54-61.

Schellenberg EG. Music and nonmusical abilities. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;930:355-371.

Schellenberg EG. Music lessons enhance IQ. Psychol Sci. 2004;15:511-514.

Watkins GR. Music therapy: proposed physiological mechanisms and clinical implications. Clin Nurse Spec. 1997;11:43-50.

What is music therapy? American Music Therapy Association Web site. Accessed at www.musictherapy.org/ on May 23, 2008.

Note: This information may not cover all possible claims, uses, actions, precautions, side effects or interactions. It is not intended as medical advice, and should not be relied upon as a substitute for consultation with your doctor, who is familiar with your medical situation.

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Sunday, March 11, 2007

Music Therapy, Alternative, Complementary, Holistic, Integrative Medicine, Therapies

Susan Magrath R.N. A.N.P., Instructor of Nursing:"Susan has taught at Ball State University for one year, primarily in the areas of acute and critical care. Currently she is involved as a Board Certified Nurse Practitioner in a local pain management clinic. Prior to joining the nursing faculty, she was employed at Ball Memorial Hospital (BMH) for 15 years and practiced as a registered nurse in critical care and hospice. Her research and special interest areas focus on palliative care and complementary therapies. Susan has served as volunteer director of the YWCA Well Child Clinic from 1986 to 1994 and coordinator of the music therapy committee (BMH) from 1998 to the present. She has facilitated and coordinated a teleconference on music therapy at Ball State in conjunction with the BMH music therapy committee and Ball State's School of Nursing in 1999. In May 2002, Susan facilitated and sponsored a music therapy workshop at BMH."
http://www.bsu.edu/cast/nursing/profile/0,1898,2410-507-16140,00.html

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American Music Therapy Association, Inc.:" Frequently Asked Questions About Music Therapy. Music therapy is the prescribed use of music by a qualified person to effect positive changes in the psychological, physical, cognitive, or social functioning of individuals with health or educational problems."
American Music Therapy Association, Inc.
8455 Colesville Road, Suite 1000
Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA
Phone: (301) 589-3300
Fax: (301) 589-5175
http://www.musictherapy.org/

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Australian Music Therapy Association Inc.:"The Australian Music Therapy Association began in 1975. It's purpose was to promote music therapy as a profession to the Australian general public. To this end, the process of Registration and the Code of Ethics were established in that first year to create firm professional basis on which to develop the profession. These days the Association has several purposes which are evident in the activities of its committees and branches. The drop-down menu 'Contact us' will take you to their webpages. The largest event of the year continues to be the national conference which actually preceded the Association itself. In 2004 we celebrate the 30th National Music Therapy Conference. The theme of "Significant Moments in Music Therapy' will enable us to acknowledge the history of the profession in Australia and also present the significant developments in the field today."
Australian Music Therapy Association Inc.
P O Box 79 Turramurra, NSW 2074 Australia
Phone: +61 (2) 9449 5279 Fax: +61 (2) 9988 3856
Email: info@austmta.org.au
http://www.austmta.org.au/

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Careers in Music Therapy, Berklee College of Music:"What is Music Therapy? A career in music therapy offers challenge, opportunity, and distinctive rewards to those interested in working with people of all ages with various disabilities. Music therapists are employed in many different settings including general and psychiatric hospitals, community mental health agencies, rehabilitation centers, day care facilities, nursing homes, schools and private practice. Music therapists provide services for adults and children with psychiatric disorders, mental retardation and developmental disabilities, speech and hearing impairments, physical disabilities, and neurological impairments, among others. Music therapists are usually members of an interdisciplinary team that supports the goals and objectives for each client within the context of the music therapy setting."
Office of Admissions, Berklee College of Music
1140 Boylston Street
Boston, MA 02215
Telephone
Within the U.S. and Canada: (800) BERKLEE (dial 237-5533)
Within the U.S. and Canada: (800) 421-0084
(617) 747-2221 -or- (617) 747-2222
(617) 266-1400

Fax (617) 747-2047
E-mail: admissions@berklee.edu
http://www.berklee.edu/careers/therapy.html

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Canadian Music Therapy Trust Fund:"The Trust Fund is a bold, non-profit initiative designed to integrate, educate, celebrate and promote all facets of music therapy in this country. We have been fortunate in having many volunteers working to support our endeavours of providing services to those in hospitals, clinics and special schools. Since 1994, with the help of the Canadian music industry, the Trust Fund has been able to distribute over $2 million to almost 290 projects from coast to coast. These projects range from hospices for terminally ill persons with cancer or HIV/AIDS, centres for the aged, schools for children who are autistic, physically or mentally challenged and programs for street kids. It has also funded projects for women in prison, children who have been sexually abuse, teens who are suicidal and people who are isolated due to psychiatric problems."
1175 Bloor Street West
Toronto, ON
M5H 1M9
Phone: 416.535.0200
Toll Free: 1.888.689.9545
Fax: 416.535.8166
Email: trustfund@musictherapycentre.com
http://www.musictherapytrust.ca/

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Center for Treatment, Training and Research in Music Therapy:"Center for Treatment, Training and Research in Music Therapy) is a non-profit organization established in 1991 under the honorary presidency of Dr. Rolando Benenzon. ADIMU is dedicated to promote the development of music therapy, to promote and give training in music therapy, to promote research in music therapy, to promote exchange of information on music therapy, to promote international cooperation among music therapy associations, music therapists, and other related professionals and institutions, to promote, establish, and maintain professional publications in music therapy."
http://www.geocities.com/Paris/Metro/8395/english.html

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Creative Music Therapy Solutions:"Creative Music Therapy Solutions was established to enhance the profession of Music Therapy and to service the Music Therapy community by providing experienced, qualified Music Therapists when Music Therapists are on vacation, maternity leave, leave of absence, or are sick. Sandy Pelley graduated from Capilano College in 1989 with a diploma and began working in the Music Therapy field immediately. When the Music Therapy program became a degree program, she returned to Capilano College and completed her B.M.T. in 1994. Sandy also received her B.A. in Psychology in 1992."
Creative Music Therapy Solutions
4527 204A St.
Langley, BC V3A 6B7
PH: 604.534.2687
info@creativemusictherapy.ca
http://www.creativemusictherapy.ca/

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Music Therapy in Palliative Care, Music Therapy Association of British Columbia:"When we are working with persons for whom a medical cure is no longer possible, music therapy can improve the quality of life by addressing the emotional, spiritual and physical needs that may arise during this time. Music experiences utilized in palliative care may include music listening, discussion of specially chosen lyrics, songwriting, improvisation, singing and playing instruments. A person's musical, cultural and religious background may be incorporated into the session, providing a personalized approach. In all instances, respect for the patient's needs and preferences is of primary importance. For terminally ill persons, music therapy can serve as a catalyst to establish both verbal and non-verbal communication. The skilled use of music can facilitate emotional self-expression and provide a supportive and non-threatening environment with opportunities to confront fears and discuss present concerns. Musical associations can facilitate life review and assist in resolving significant personal issues."
Music Therapy Association of British Columbia
Capilano College
2055 Purcell Way
N. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
V7J 3H5
604.924.0046 ~ 604.983.7559 fax
info@mtabc.com
http://www.mtabc.com/examples/palliative.htm

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Music Therapy Research Center, Editorial:"No innovation has gained such a fast foothold and recognition among medical experts as the utilisation of the natural laws of harmony. When one considers that the term Medical Resonance Therapy Music was only coined 10 years ago, and then looks at the present level of documentation on research and developments in this new branch of MEDICINE, and the statements of leading medical experts from many fields such as hormone research, gynaecology, paediatrics, dermatology, research into headaches, intensive care MEDICINE etc. right up to international recognition as the most successful "anti-stress remedy in the world" at the International Conference "Society, Stress and Health" of the World Health Organisation (WHO), then it is also worthwhile examining the causes for such enormous medical success more closely."
info@musictherapyresearchcenter.com
http://www.musictherapyresearchcenter.com/08_Introduction/0800_Introduction_Title.php

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Sincerely,

Andrew Lopez, RN
Nursefriendly, Inc. A New Jersey Corporation.
38 Tattersall Drive, Mantua New Jersey 08051
http://www.4nursing.com info@nursefriendly.com ICQ #6116137, AOL "nursefriendly"
856-415-9617, (fax) 415-9618

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