Showing posts with label childhood tobacco exposure. Show all posts
Showing posts with label childhood tobacco exposure. Show all posts

Sunday, April 24, 2011

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    Sleep Position: Why Back is Best

    The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that healthy infants be placed on their backs for sleep, as this is the safest position for an infant to sleep. more

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    HealthyChildren.org Wins 2010 Gold EXCEL Award!

    HealthyChildren.org is proud to announce that it has received a 2010 EXCEL Gold Award from the Society of National Association Publications for general excellence in online publishing.

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Thursday, April 7, 2011

Secondhand smoke may affect kids' mental health | Reuters

Breathing secondhand smoke could increase a child's risk of mental and behavioral disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), suggests a new study.

The study adds to evidence suggesting that kids of mothers who smoked while pregnant may be more likely to have behavioral problems. Secondhand smoke exposure has also been linked to heart and breathing problems in kids.

"It's time for us to begin to prevent children's exposure to (secondhand smoke) if we are serious about preventing these diseases," Dr. Bruce Lanphear, who heads the Cincinnati Children's Environmental Health Center, told Reuters Health.

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Sincerely,

Andrew Lopez, RN
Nursefriendly, Inc. A New Jersey Corporation.
38 Tattersall Drive, Mantua New Jersey 08051
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Friday, April 1, 2011

Babies Who Sleep in Smokers' Rooms Face 'Thirdhand' Smoke - US News and World Report

Levels of nicotine in the hair of infants who sleep in the same room with parents who smoke are three times higher than in babies who sleep in another room, a new study finds.

Click here to find out more!

The nicotine is from cigarette smoke particles that impregnate the parents' skin, clothes and hair, which is known as "thirdhand smoke," the Spanish researchers explained.

The investigators analyzed hair samples from 252 babies younger than 18 months and interviewed their parents about their smoking habits. Seventy-three percent of the parents said they smoked or allowed smoking in their homes, and 83 percent of the babies' hair samples showed high levels of nicotine.

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Sincerely,

Andrew Lopez, RN
Nursefriendly, Inc. A New Jersey Corporation.
38 Tattersall Drive, Mantua New Jersey 08051
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856-415-9617, (fax) 415-9618

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Sunday, February 20, 2011

Cigarette Smoke Ups Mucus in Lungs - in Pulmonology, Smoking & Tobacco from MedPage Toda

Cigarette smoke suppresses a protein whose normal function is to prevent an overpopulation of mucus-producing cells in the lungs, researchers reported.

Suppression of the so-called Bik protein leads to hyperplasia of airway epithelial cells and mucous cell metaplasia, according to Yohannes Tesfaigzi, PhD, of the Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute in Albuquerque, N.M., and colleagues.

The finding could lead to treatments for chronic bronchitis, Tesfaigzi and colleagues reported online in the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

Over-secretion of mucus is a characteristic of chronic bronchitis, which affects many cigarette smokers and is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Tesfaigzi and colleagues noted.

Normally, mucus secretion increases in the airway epithelium in response to bacteria or viral infectious agents and environmental pollutants. An inflammatory response kickstarts the proliferation of epithelial cells that produce the protective substance.

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Sincerely,

Andrew Lopez, RN
Nursefriendly, Inc. A New Jersey Corporation.
38 Tattersall Drive, Mantua New Jersey 08051
http://www.nursefriendly.com info@nursefriendly.com ICQ #6116137
856-415-9617, (fax) 415-9618

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Monday, January 10, 2011

Preventing Heart Ailments at Their Roots - Childhood - NYTimes.com

Two studies published Monday suggest that the road to hypertension and heart disease starts in childhood and that prevention should start there, too.

Related

One analysis found that parental smoking increases the risk for high blood pressure in preschoolers, and the other that excessive sugar consumption in teenagers is associated with multiple factors known to increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Both reports appear in the February issue of the journal Circulation.

The first study looked at 4,236 children in Germany, where 5-year-olds undergo a compulsory physical and cognitive assessment before starting school. During the period of the study, 2007-8, more than 28 percent had at least one parent who smoked. Even after correcting for body mass index and parental hypertension, having a smoker as a parent substantially increased the likelihood that a child would have blood pressure readings in the top 15 percent of the sample.

Parental smoking was not the only association, or even the strongest. Being overweight and having a parent with hypertension were also associated with high blood pressure in the children. But the lead author, Dr. Giacomo D. Simonetti, said smoking was probably the easiest risk to modify.

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Andrew Lopez, RN
Nursefriendly, Inc. A New Jersey Corporation.
38 Tattersall Drive, Mantua New Jersey 08051
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856-415-9617, (fax) 415-9618

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Tuesday, December 14, 2010

How adult smoking affects behavior in children, KevinMD.com

by Nancy Walsh

Both maternal and paternal cigarette smoking can contribute to adverse chronic conditions — physical and psychological — in children, two large studies found.

Writing in the July issue of Pediatrics, Marie-Jo Brion, PhD, of the University of Bristol in England, and colleagues reported that children in two cohorts whose mothers smoked were more likely to have conduct/externalizing behavior problems than were those who had no prenatal tobacco exposure:

* British cohort, OR 1.24 (95% CI 1.07 to 1.46, P=0.005)
* Brazilian cohort, OR 1.82 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.78, P=0.005)

In a second study in the same issue, Chinese researchers found that daily paternal pre- or postnatal smoking was associated with increased mean body mass index (BMI) Z-scores in offspring at seven years, with a mean difference of 0.10 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.19) and also at 11 years, when the mean difference was 0.16 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.26).

These studies “tighten the evidence around tobacco smoke exposure and chronic conditions of childhood,” observed Jonathan P. Winickoff, MD, of Massachusetts General Hospital for Children in Boston, and colleagues in an editorial accompanying the studies.

Winickoff and colleagues wrote that these studies contribute to a growing body of research findings linking tobacco smoke exposure and multiple childhood morbidities and mortality, ranging from miscarriage, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome to decreased lung function and obesity.

Brion and colleagues sought to determine if maternal smoking also could be causally related to the widely reported psychological problems seen in offspring.

Their study included 6,735 children residing in southwest England born between April 1991 and December 1992, as well as 509 children from the city of Pelotas in southern Brazil who were born during 1993.

The prevalence of maternal smoking was almost twice as high in the Brazilian cohort (29.4% versus 15.9%), but consistency was observed otherwise in the two groups.

In unadjusted models, maternal smoking was associated with behaviors in children at four years of age including inattention/hyperactivity, conduct/externalizing problems, and peer/social difficulties, but not with emotional/internalizing problems.

After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, however, such as birth weight and gestational age, socioeconomic factors, and maternal-paternal smoking, only conduct/externalizing problems were seen in both cohorts.

These findings support the concept that these children’s behavioral problems may be mediated by the influence of intrauterine tobacco exposure, and particular

ly nicotine, on neurodevelopmental pathways, according to the investigators.

They acknowledged that the study had shortcomings. Information about potentially important confounders, such as maternal antisocial behavior, was not available, and different instruments were used to assess child behavior in the two cohorts.

Also, parental smoking was measured by self-report, which may represent an underestimation.

In the second study, C. Mary Schooling, PhD, and colleagues from the University of Hong Kong, examined the effects of secondhand smoke on 6,790 children born during 1997 whose mothers did not smoke, stratifying them according to degree of paternal smoking.

They found that children of daily paternal smokers were from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, had mothers not born in Hong Kong, and were less likely to be breastfed.

Unlike BMI, the children’s height was not affected by paternal smoking.

At age seven, the difference in height Z-scores was −0.01 (95% CI −0.08 to 0.06), and at age 11 the difference was 0.02 (95% CI −0.05 to 0.10).

“To date, most of the evidence for the association between parental smoking and offspring overweight comes from Western or long-term developed settings, where smoking and childhood BMI are socially patterned and usually associated with low socioeconomic position,” the investigators wrote.

They noted that in Hong Kong, few women smoke and about one-quarter of men do, and although the prevalence of overweight in childhood is comparable to that in Western countries, it may be less socially patterned.

“Therefore, currently developed Hong Kong may serve as an ideal, non-Western social laboratory in which to verify associations from Western societies that are potentially confounded by [socioeconomic position],” they wrote.

In this study, the data were collected prospectively but there still were limitations. Secondhand smoke exposure was determined by parental report, so underreporting was possible, and childhood adiposity was measured by proxy using BMI, which does not differentiate between body fat and lean mass.

Nonetheless, the study suggests that paternal smoking may contribute to excess weight in offspring. Possible explanations for this include the fact that infants in households of smokers were less likely to be breastfed, and parents may have been generally less health-conscious.

“Alternatively, our findings might reflect the physiologic effects of paternal smoking and perhaps prenatal [secondhand smoke] exposure,” they wrote.

For example, while nicotine exposure from secondhand smoke might not be sufficient to cause intrauterine growth restriction, it might lead to restricted brain development and changes in appetite and metabolism.

In the editorial, Winickoff and colleagues urged continuation of efforts to curb smoke exposure in workplaces, restaurants, homes, and cars, recommending that clinicians utilize office systems, family-centered approaches, and community outreach to further minimize exposures and improve the health of both parents and children.

“Parental tobacco dependence, itself a chronic condition, begets other chronic conditions of childhood,” they wrote.

Nancy Walsh is a MedPage Today contributing writer.

Originally published in MedPage Today. Visit MedPageToday.com for more smoking news.

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Sincerely,

Andrew Lopez, RN
Nursefriendly, Inc. A New Jersey Corporation.
38 Tattersall Drive, Mantua New Jersey 08051
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856-415-9617, (fax) 415-9618

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