Probiotic bacteria could help treat Crohn's disease, American Society for Microbiology

New research suggests that infection with a probiotic strain of E. coli bacteria could help treat an reduce the negative effects of another E. coli infection that may be associated with Crohn's disease. Researchrs from the University of Auckland, New Zealand publish their results in the April 2011 issue of the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

Crohn's disease is a common chronic disorder that affects the gastrointestinal tract and is believed to develop as a result of an aberrant immune response to intestinal microbes in a genetically susceptible host. Over the last decade, high levels of adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC) have been reported. One study isolated the bacteria in 36% of Crohn's sufferers compared to just 6% of controls.

Since Crohn's disease is a clinical subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and others have reported successful treatment of IBC with the probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), the researchers investigated the impact EcN might have on an already established infection with AIEC in cell cultures mimicking those found in the lining of the intestines.

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SparkNotes: Digestion: Function

The process of digestion begins in the mouth. Within the mouth lie the teeth, tongue and jaws. Through a chewing motion, the food is mechanically broken down between the teeth and mixed with saliva, which aids in chemical digestion. Upon stimulation, saliva is produced in the salivary glands and brought into the mouth. It contains salivary amylase, an enzyme that digests starch. Once the digestion in the mouth is completed, the first phase of swallowing is initiated. This stage is voluntary and is characterized by contraction of the muscles of the floor of the mouth and tongue that propel the food bolus into the pharynx.

Figure %: Swallowing

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